The complex has 50 temples and is distributed in two quadrangles of the Durbar Square. Amarkosh, a Sanskrit-Nepal Bhasa dictionary from 1381 AD, was also found. [60] The priests who perform the services at this temple have been Brahmins from Karnataka in southern India since the time of Malla king Yaksha Malla. [100] Kathmandu exports handicrafts, artworks, garments, carpets, pashmina, paper; trade accounts for 21% of its revenues. During the Rana period, a ropeway was constructed between Mathatirtha in Kathmandu to Dhorsing in Makawanpur of over 22 km (14 mi) in length, which carried a cargo of 8 tonnes per hour. There are three preserved Durbar Squares in Kathmandu valley and one unpreserved in Kirtipur. Buff (meat of water buffalo) is very common. One of the key concerns of educationists and concerned citizens is the massive outflux of students from Nepal to outside Nepal for studies. This consists of rice and lentil soup, generally served with vegetable curries, achar and sometimes Chutney. The valley's trademark is the multiple-roofed pagoda which may have originated in this area and spread to India, China, Indochina and Japan. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 28 July 2011) Currency unit – Nepalese rupee (NRs/NRe) NRs1.00 = $ 0.01415 $1.00 = NRs 70.688 ABBREVIATIONS ADB — Asian Development Bank … The indigenous Nepa people used the term "Swa Nhi Gha" ( स्व नि ग: ) to refer whole area of the Kathmandu Valley and "Ye"( ये ) to refer Kathmandu only. They are known for their contributions to art, sculpture, architecture, culture, literature, music, industry, trade, agriculture and cuisine, and left their mark on the art of Central Asia. "A Kushan-period Sculpture from the reign of Jaya Varma, CE 184/185, Kathmandu, Nepal." The Kathmandu Valley (काठमाडौं उपत्यका) is located in the north east central region of Nepal. [70] The 2015 earthquake caused severe damage to the Ministry of Education building, and the contents of the Kaiser Library have been temporarily relocated. One story says that the God Manjusri cut a gorge at a valley called Kashapaal (later called Chobhar) with a sword called Chandrahrasha and drained away the waters in order to establish a habitable land. Some old establishments include Vishwajyoti Cinema Hall, Jai Nepal Hall, Kumari Cinema Hall, Gopi Krishna Cinema Hall and Guna Cinema Hall. The Pashupatinath Temple, Changu Narayan Temple, and the Kasthamandap are of particular importance to Hindus. Various Nepali variants of momo including buff (i.e. On average humidity is 75%. According to Gopalraj Vansawali, a genealogy of Nepali monarchy, the rulers of Kathmandu Valley before the Licchavis were Gopalas, Mahispalas, Aabhirs, Kiratas, and Somavanshi. Author information: (1)Water Engineering and Management, School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. It was built on the occasion of the marriage of the then crown prince and heir apparent to the throne, Birendra. The study area comprises the three districts of the City of Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur, which Archaeologists believe it is two thousand years old. Kathmandu is the headquarters of the surrounding Kathmandu district. It is spread over five acres. The Mallas ruled the Kathmandu Valley and the surrounding area from the 12th until the 18th century CE, when the Shah dynasty of the Gorkha Kingdom under Prithvi Narayan Shah conquered the valley as he created present-day Nepal. KMC's first international relationship was established in 1975 with the city of Eugene, Oregon, United States. The oldest modern school in Nepal, the Durbar High School, and the oldest college, the Tri-Chandra College, are both in Kathmandu. One third part of the arc lies in Nepal (Pandey et al. [23] The city is bounded by several other municipalities of the Kathmandu valley: south of the Bagmati by Lalitpur Metropolitan City (Patan), with which it forms one urban area surrounded by a ring road, to the southwest by Kirtipur and to the east by Madyapur Thimi. According to legends, all the timber used to build the pagoda was obtained from a single tree. The museums display unique artefacts and paintings from the 5th century CE to the present day, including archaeological exportation. Thus, Kathmandu is also known as Kāṣṭhamaṇḍap. The first modern commercial road in the Kathmandu Valley, the New Road, was also built during this era. These artists have maintained a blend of Hinduism and Buddhism. Ason is a bazaar and ceremonial square on the old trade route to Tibet, and provides a fine example of a traditional neighbourhood. Araniko Highway connects Kathmandu to Bhaktapur and onwards to the Chinese border. [82] Ailaa and thwon (alcohol made from rice) are the alcoholic beverages of Kathmandu, found in all the local bhattis (alcohol serving eateries). See all. Serious illness or a major loss of blood from an injury also causes her to revert to common status. Believers in Pashupatinath (mainly Hindus) are allowed to enter the temple premises, but non-Hindu visitors are allowed to view the temple only from the across the Bagmati River. Chhyaang, tongba (fermented millet or barley) and raksi are alcoholic beverages from other parts of Nepal which are found in Kathmandu. It was originally built as a rest house for travellers. [4] The earthquake caused thousands of deaths and destruction of many infrastructures across the Kathmandu Valley, which includes the towns of Lalitpur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi, Bhaktapur and the municipalities across Kathmandu valley making the total population of roughly 1.5 million people. The base of the stupa has 108 small depictions of the Dhyani Buddha Amitabha. Especially, spring and autumn is the peak flowering season. [5] "Yen" is the shorter form of Yambu (Nepal Bhasa: यम्बु), which originally referred to the northern half of Kathmandu. Garments and woolen carpets are the most notable manufactured products. The mountains from where these rivers originate are in the elevation range of 1,500–3,000 metres (4,900–9,800 ft), and have passes which provide access to and from Kathmandu and its valley. The city of Kathmandu and the surrounding valley are in the Deciduous Monsoon Forest Zone (altitude range of 1,200–2,100 metres (3,900–6,900 ft)), one of five vegetation zones defined for Nepal. They established a forest monastery in Sankhu. Buildings with characteristic Nepali architecture, such as the nine-story tower of Basantapur, were built during this era. [60][61] Shivaratri, or the night of Lord Shiva, is the most important festival that takes place here, attracting thousands of devotees and sadhus. Nepali currency became the standard currency in trans-Himalayan trade. These stations are: Hits FM, Radio Kantipur, HBC 94 FM, Radio Sagarmatha and Image FM. The festival attracts musicians from countries worldwide, such as Australia, Denmark, United States, Benin, and India.[79]. Easy to use. Also known as the city of temples, the city stands at an elevation of approximately 1,400 metres (4,600 feet) above sea level in the bowl-shaped Kathmandu valley in central Nepal. Kathmandu is the center of music and dance in Nepal, and these art forms are integral to understanding the city. The earliest known inscription is dated 185 CE. There is a severe shortage of water for household purposes such as drinking, bathing, cooking and washing and irrigation. Of these, Kathmandu Valley is in the Warm Temperate Zone (elevation ranging from 1,200 to 2,300 metres (3,900 to 7,500 ft)), where the climate is fairly temperate, atypical for the region. [citation needed] For example, 2001 recorded only 356 mm (14 in) of precipitation due to an extraordinarily weak monsoon season. [111] Nepal Airlines started flying to Tokyo-Narita from March 2, 2020. Other prominent clubs include Manang Marsyangdi Club, Machhindra FC, Tribhuvan Army Club (TAC) and Nepal Police Club. The Malla Dynasty was the ruling dynasty of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal from 1201 to 1779. [24][44] The ward's profile documents for the 35 wards prepared by the Kathmandu Metropolitan Council is detailed and provides information for each ward on population, the structure and condition of houses, the type of roads, educational, health and financial institutions, entertainment facilities, parking space, security provisions, etc. The influx of many Tibetan refugees from China has seen the construction of over 50 Tibetan gompas (monasteries) around Boudhanath. The city has been referenced in numerous songs, including works by Cat Stevens ('Katmandu', Mona Bone Jakon (1970)), Bob Seger ('Katmandu', Beautiful Loser (1975)), Rush ('A Passage to Bangkok', Pulling into Kathmandu; 2112, 1976), Krematorij ('Kathmandu', Three Springs (2000)), Fito Páez (Tráfico por Katmandú – "Traffic through Kathmandu") and Cavalcade ('Kathmandu Kid') 2019. which encompasses a surface area of only about 600 kml. The growth of tourism in Kathmandu has led to culinary creativity and the development of hybrid foods to accommodate for tourists such as American chop suey, which is a sweet-and-sour sauce with crispy noodles with a fried egg commonly added on top and other westernized adaptations of traditional cuisine. [110] Oman Air also connects Muscat to Kathmandu since 2010. Patan in particular is an ancient city noted for its fine arts and crafts. Kathmandu hotels map is available on the target page linked above. [6][7], The spelling "Katmandu" was often used in older English-language text. These are amply reflected in the many temples, shrines, stupas, monasteries, and palaces in the seven well-defined Monument Zones of the Kathmandu valley are part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Although the site is considered Buddhist, it is revered by both Buddhists and Hindus. Kumari Ghar is a palace in the centre of the Kathmandu city, next to the Durbar square where a royal Kumari selected from several Kumaris resides. [19] The city was designed in the shape of Chandrahrasa, the sword of Manjushri. Kathmandu Kings XI represents Kathmandu in the Everest Premier League. [70], The Natural History Museum is in the southern foothills of Swayambhunath hill and has a sizeable collection of different species of animals, butterflies, and plants. The metropolitan city area is 50.67 square kilometres (19.56 sq mi) and has a population density of 3000per km² and 17000 per km square in city. The Bagmati river which flows through Kathmandu is considered a holy river both by Hindus and Buddhists, and many Hindu temples are on the banks of this river. The city stands at an elevation of approximately 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) in the bowl-shaped Kathmandu Valley of central Nepal. Kirats who have migrated from other parts of Nepal to Kathmandu practice Mundhum in the city.[90]. From Sankhu, they migrated to Yambu and Yengal (Lanjagwal and Manjupattan) and established the first permanent Buddhist monasteries of Kathmandu. Nepali citizens who served as soldiers in Indian and British armies, who had converted to Christianity while in service, on return to Nepal continue to practice their religion. Full-Day Tour of Kathmandu Valley's UNESCO World Heritage Sites ₹7,094.91 per adult. This map is available in a common image format. Evidence of an influx of ideas from India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe among other places can be found in a stone inscription from the time of king Pratap Malla. The archives, in Kulambhulu, have a collection of some 6,000 loose-leaf handwritten books and 1,000 palm-leaf manuscripts (mostly in Sanskrit or Nepal Bhasa) and a manuscript dated to 1464.[70]. KMC's constant endeavour is to enhance its interaction with SAARC countries, other international agencies and many other major cities of the world to achieve better urban management and developmental programs for Kathmandu.[117]. The main international airport serving Kathmandu valley is the Tribhuvan International Airport, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from the city centre and is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal. Another neighbourhood of growing popularity is Jhamel, a name for Jhamsikhel that was coined to rhyme with Thamel. The chief lunch/snack for locals and visitors is mostly Momo or Chowmein. Very few historical records exists of the period before medieval Licchavi rulers. He brought some Gopals along with him and made Bhuktaman the king of Nepal.[13][14][15]. The museum was established in 1928 as a collection house of war trophies and weapons, and the initial name of this museum was Chhauni Silkhana, meaning "the stone house of arms and ammunition". The Kathmandu Valley is the most developed and populated place in Nepal. NEP: Kathmandu Valley Water Supply Improvement Project Prepared by the Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Government of Nepal for the Asian Development Bank . Kathmandu is home to several international and regional organizations, including the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). Kathmandu Kathmandu is the largest city and capital of Nepal and the namesake of the Kathmandu Valley.Once thought to be the fabled and inaccessible Shangri-La, Kathmandu is a fast-growing spot catering to a wide range of holiday types and budgets. It was designed by Carl Pruscha (master-planner of the Kathmandu Valley)[75] in 1970 and constructed in 1971. The temple is built in the pagoda style of architecture, with cubic constructions and carved wooden rafters (tundal) on which they rest, and two-level roofs made of copper and gold. The palace area covers 30 hectares (74 acres) and is fully secured with gates on all sides. [20] The trade route also led to cultural exchange as well. It is the largest stadium in Nepal with a capacity of 25,000 spectators, built in 1956. The population was projected to reach 915,071 in 2011 and 1,319,597 by 2021. Architecturally notable buildings from this era include Kathmandu Durbar Square, Patan Durbar Square, Bhaktapur Durbar Square, the former durbar of Kirtipur, Nyatapola, Kumbheshwar, the Krishna temple, and others.
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