[22] Colorado passed women’s suffrage in November 1893, becoming the second state to give women the right to vote and the first where suffrage was won by popular vote. [125] In 2019, Iowa Secretary of State Paul Pate announced the Carrie Chapman Catt Award, which it awards to every Iowa high school that registers to vote at least 90 percent of its eligible student body.[126]. The 19th Amendment enfranchised 27 million women, making it the largest single expansion of voting rights in American history. One of the essential individuals in finally making it a reality was Carrie Chapman Catt, suffragist leader, secret "Winning Plan" strategist, and founder … Telegram from Mary Church Terrell to Miss Alda Wison. Pegrus, Evelyn to Carrie Chapman Catt, 1920, re: Mrs. Catt coming to Jackson, Tennessee, 1-17 Polk, James K. to Carrie Chapman Catt, 1920, re: apology for the sentiments expressed by Senator Chandler, and stating that these do not represent those people who favor the ratification of the 19th Amendment, 1 … [122], The League of Women Voters often honors Catt as its founder. [140], In 1921, Catt became the first woman to deliver a commencement address at Iowa State University when she also received an honorary doctor of laws degree. Davidson, Rene. [5], Catt's father was initially reluctant to allow her to attend college, but he relented, contributing only a part of the costs. [38] The suffrage movement received the support of President Wilson in January 1918. [23]“Catt organized and then headed a new Organization Committee with a budget of $5,000 and power so extensive that it became the center of women suffrage in the United States.”[24], The 1896 NAWSA Convention was notable for its debate about Elizabeth Cady Stanton's book, The Woman's Bible, in which Stanton challenged traditional religious beliefs that women are inferior to men and should be passive. He listed eight demands, including increased funding for the cultural studies programs, the creation of an Asian/Asian American Studies program, renovation of Morrill Hall for a multi-cultural center, recruitment and retention of LGBT faculty, and to rename Catt Hall. In part the attraction to these ideas came from the women’s frustration with the laws that denied them the vote while offering it to any alien man who had lived in the country for six months and who had taken out first papers. Both the Senate and House voted to approved the United States’ entry into World War I. She concluded, “I never did a piece of work which has so interested and stimulated my desires to help as this.”[52] Although Catt retired from the presidency of the IWSA in 1923, she continued to attend its meetings in various parts of the world. [20][106] African American suffragist Mary Church Terrell memorialized Catt in a telegram: "The whole world has lost a great, good, and gifted woman who, for many years, pleaded with it to deal justly with all human beings without regard to sex, race, or religion. Carrie Chapman Catt was born Carrie Clinton Lane in Ripon, Wisconsin on February 9, 1859, the second child and only daughter of farmers Lucius and Maria Clinton Lane. The Anglo-Saxon is the dominant race today but things may change. Her solutions were education and reform, not disenfranchisement. The race that will be dominant through the ages will be the one that proves itself the most worthy.... Miss Kearney is right in saying that the race problem is the problem of the whole country and not that of the South alone. "Agitation in Amsterdam: The International Dimension of Carrie Chapman Catt's Suffrage Rhetoric." Carrie Chapman Catt, née Carrie Lane, (born January 9, 1859, Ripon, Wisconsin, U.S.—died March 9, 1947, New Rochelle, New York), American feminist leader who led the women’s rights movement for more than 25 years, culminating in the adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment (for women’s suffrage) to the U.S. Constitution in 1920. Refused Suffrage to Women". A supporter of women’s suffrage, he and Lane became engaged and were married at the Lane family home on February 12, 1885. Concerned about Hitler’s growing power, she worked on behalf of German Jewish refugees and was awarded the American Hebrew Medal (1933). . She was unwavering in her belief in the power of women, and relentless in her efforts to make the world recognize that power. "[92] She also opposed diluting the 19th Amendment by adding the word “white”[93] or by espousing the alternative Shafroth-Palmer Amendment, which would have allowed states the autonomy to draft suffrage legislation as they saw fit. Wuestenbecker, Katja, "Catt, Carrie Chapman" in, Catt, "Why the Southeastern States of the U.S. “Catt, Carrie Chapman, House, Westchester County, New York.” National Park Service. Before 1917, only western states had granted female suffrage. (1979). "Rights For Women." African American suffragist Mary Church Terrell was one of the delegates from the United States and addressed the meeting in three languages. Her second husband's body was donated to science, according to his wishes. Harris, L. Wesley, Jr., Alade S. McKen, and Nancy Camarillo. [36] Although Catt, as a resident of New York, now had obtained full suffrage, she kept working toward a federal suffrage amendment. Detroit: Gale, 2001. November 18, 1998. However, she recognized that another war would soon engulf the world. [55] The 1920 convention marked the completion of NAWSA’s work, except for a small board to make final disposition of records and assets, and the beginning of the League of Women Voters. Carrie Chapman Catt worked as a teacher to pay her own way through Iowa State College. The group divided the causes of war into four categories: psychological, economic, political, and social and contributory. Let us try to get nearer together and to understand each other's ideas on the race question and solve it together. [129], In addition, some African American women living in the South were able to register and vote in 1920. They formed the Women's Peace Party, with Addams elected as chairman and Catt as honorary chairman. [118] On August 26, 2016 (Women's Equality Day), a monument commissioned by Tennessee Suffrage Monument, Inc.[119] and sculpted by Alan LeQuire was unveiled in Centennial Park in Nashville, featuring depictions of Catt, Anne Dallas Dudley, Abby Crawford Milton, Juno Frankie Pierce, and Sue Shelton White. As an adult she became a leader of the woman suffrage movement. This answers first letter of which starts with C and can be found at the end of T. We think CATT is the possible answer on this clue. Daniels, Doris. In 1900, Catt became president of the NAWSA as Susan B. Anthony’s handpicked successor. Born January 9, 1859 in Ripon, Wisconsin, Catt was the second of three children of Maria Clinton and Lucius Lane, farmers in Potsdam, New York. "[152], In September 1997, Iowa State student Allan Nosworthy announced he was initiating a hunger strike. [102] She also protested a Washington, DC hotel's policy of excluding African Americans, which precluded them from participating in a NCCCW conference,[103] and spoke out about the plight of Jewish refugees who were escaping Nazi Germany in the 1930s. Catt and Anthony, NAWSA's president at the time, met with Stanton prior to its publication to voice their concerns, but Stanton was unmoved. Accessed April 3, 2015. However, she emphasized that “as an organization,” the League “shall be allied with and support no party.” Catt continued that the League “must be nonpartisan and all partisan” in leading the way – ahead of the political parties – to educate for citizenship and get legislation passed.”[57][58], At the 1920 convention, the League’s constitution with details for membership, officers, representation and budget was approved. From there, it was on to Java, Sumatra, Jakarta, Indonesia, the island of Sulawesi and the Philippines. She founded the League of Women Voters in 1920 and the International Woman Suffrage Alliance in 1904,[3] which was later named International Alliance of Women. Catt had donated money to a fund that supported the Hungarian Feminist Association financially. [64] They did not include the exclusion of women from politics and the public sphere as a cause, even though they believed in equality for women. In August 1887, Chapman moved back to Iowa, but the two kept in touch. The IWSA remains in existence today, now as the International Alliance of Women, with 31 full members and 24 associate members. In 1992, the Iowa Centennial Memorial Foundation named her one of the ten most important women of the century,[105] and in 2013, Catt was in the first class of women to be honored on the Women of Achievement Bridge in Des Moines, Iowa. She and Catt first became acquainted at that time and formed a life-long friendship. [95], Moreover, NAWSA and its predecessors were integrated organizations and African American suffragists were key allies in Catt’s campaign to secure the vote in New York. The amendment then moved to the Senate, where it passed the needed 2/3 majority by only two votes on June 4. Under Catt's leadership, the movement focused on success by first working for women’s suffrage in New York state. She helped to found the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) in 1902, which eventually incorporated sympathetic associations in 32 nations. However, opponents introduced the bill into their state legislatures and, one by one, Southern states voted the measure down in Georgia, Alabama, Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina, Delaware, Florida, North Carolina, Louisiana and Mississippi. Catt resumed the NAWSA presidency from 1915 to 1920, during which time the suffrage amendment (the 19th) became part of the US Constitution. Letter from Mary Ann Tetreault to Barbara Miller, October 10, 1994. United States Census, 1920 and 1960. www.census.gov. “Catt, Carrie Clinton Lane Chapman” in James, Edward T., Janet Wilson James, Paul S. Boyer. Catt left for California after receiving a telegram that her husband was ill with typhoid fever. American Social Reform Movements Reference Library. She founded the League of Women Voters in 1920 and the International Woman Suffrage Alliance in 1904, which was later named International Alliance of Women. Pearson, Josephine Anderson. To use its utmost influence to secure the final enfranchisement of the women of every state in our own Republic and to reach out across the seas in aid of the women's struggle for her own in every land. '”[86], Similarly, Catt repeated an argument developed in 1867 by abolitionist and suffragist Henry B. Blackwell,[87] when Catt was eight years old, to refute claims by Southern suffrage opponents that women's suffrage would undermine white supremacy. [179], The Carrie Lane Chapman Catt Girlhood Home is a private museum near Charles City, Iowa. She is best known for her unique and pioneering autobiographical writing style. [137] Women’s voter turnout rates lagged behind men’s, but gradually rose over time. As president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, which led the World War One-era drive for women’s right to vote, Mrs. Catt opposed European immigration, arguing that new immigrants would be anti-suffrage. By 2016, women’s voter turnout was 63 percent compared to 53 percent for men, a difference of 10 million voters. Detroit: UXL, 2007. This lesson provides an insight into the rhetoric and social action of Fannie Lou Hamer. Anthony knew Catt had the skills to carry the movement forward and her election to the presidency was nearly unanimous. . [3], Following her first term as president of NAWSA, Catt engaged in international suffrage work from 1906 to 1913. [98] In the same year, at the founding of the League of Women Voters, Catt called upon the new organization to “To remove the remaining legal discriminations against women in the codes and constitutions of the several states in order that the feet of coming women may find these stumbling blocks removed.”[99], In 1920, the Miami Herald reported on a meeting by the "Woman Voter's League," where Miss Jefferson Bell who, the Herald reported, "stated that she, too, had been a worshipper at the shrine of Mrs. Catt until shortly after the ratification when one of her first acts was to appeal to the southern women to assist in seeing that negro women had the right to exercise the franchise. By focusing on three speeches through her career, students will better be able to understand how Hamer was an agent of change. [136] Finally, women of color, especially African American women, continued to experience discrimination until the 24th Amendment, which prohibited poll taxes, and Voting Rights Act were enacted in 1964 and 1965, respectively. Judith S. Baughman, et al. convention, and told those who greeted her that a 2/3 vote was assured in the House on January 10th, and that if the Senate quickly follows suit, N.A.W.S.A. Carrie Chapman Catt: The Crisis Rhetorical Devices all women Woman's Rights activist those who are bias against Woman's Rights feminists Racism in the Suffrage Movement", https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/provost_reports/12, Change the Name! www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/carrie-chapman-catt. [97] Similarly, in 1919, Catt supported the "Committee on One Hundred" in New York City, which called upon Congress to enforce the 15th Amendment. Flexner, Eleanor. My husband used to say that he was as much a reformer as I, but that he couldn’t work at reforming and earn a living at the same time; but what he could do was earn living enough for two and free me from all economic burden, and thus I could reform for two. [54] By the time of NAWSA’s “victory convention,” which met February 12–18, 1920, in Chicago, 31 of the required 36 states had ratified the 19th Amendment. He said he'd based his claim on a published interview with Catt in which she was quoted as saying, 'Suffrage knows no bias of race, color or sex. The recipient may not hold a party-affiliated elected office at the time of the award. The board asked women of the enfranchised countries to help further the vote in countries without the vote. [138] Also starting in 1980, men and women’s vote choices began to diverge, with women being more likely to vote for Democratic candidates and to express support for the Democratic Party. [167] When Hay died in 1928, Alda Wilson moved in with Catt and remained as her secretary until Catt's death. . Catt expressed this argument most fully in 1917. "Sexuality and Politics in the Early Twentieth Century: The Case of the International Women's Movement". [96] Moreover, Catt's Woman Suffrage Party, the leading pro-suffrage organization in the New York, actively sought immigrant support by publishing pro-suffrage literature in 26 languages; hosting rallies in Irish, Syrian, Italian, and Polish enclaves; and establishing committees to reach out to German and French communities. In 1929, the League placed bronze tablets honoring her contributions to suffrage throughout the country. To heal, she spent several years traveling abroad and serving as president of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. After George Catt's death, Carrie Chapman Catt lived with Mary "Mollie" Garrett Hay, a suffragist leader from New York. It will debut at the Gallagher Bludedorn Theatre at the University of Northern Iowa in July 2021. By the 1895 national convention of the NAWSA, Catt was proposing major changes in the structure of the organization. [151] This article led to the September 29th Movement, named for the date the article was published, and its activists called for several reforms, including renaming Catt Hall. Archives of Women's Political Communication. She advanced from teacher to superintendent of schools, working in Mason City, Iowa. [114] In 1940, Catt received an honorary doctor of laws degree from Moravian College for Women,[115] the American Women's Association's "Woman of the Year Award,[116] and the Gold Medal Pioneer Award from the General Federation of Women's Clubs. Detroit: Gale, 1998 (updated 2012). The Democrats refused to hear them at all. During the national NAWSA convention held in New Orleans in 1903, Catt and Anthony were attacked by the press for allowing black membership in NAWSA and, in the case of Anthony, for permitting a letter she had written to be read before an all-black audience in New York City. Carrie Chapman Catt Papers Carrie Lane Chapman Catt (1859-1947) was an internationally recognized suffragist, feminist, and political activist. [48], Catt first had the idea of an international woman suffrage organization in 1900; by 1902 she decided to begin with an exploratory meeting of women from as many countries as possible. [66] Catt told the delegates, “Sooner or later the white races must disgorge some of their spoils and give a place to the other races of the world. While she was en route, Catt learned that her husband died in August 1886. [14] Catt continued to lecture and wrote "Subject and Sovereign"[17] in 1893 and "Danger to Our Government" in 1894. [82], According to Van Voris, “With a century of hindsight it is easy to see Carrie Chapman’s views in the late 1880s as xenophobic oversimplifications that scapegoat immigrants. As part of the centennial celebration of the 19th Amendment in 2020, Catt was featured in newspaper and magazine articles; recent books, such as Elaine Weiss’s The Woman’s Hour: The Great Fight to Win the Vote (2018),[159] which is being made into a film with Hillary Rodham Clinton as the executive producer; the PBS American Experience two-part documentary The Vote; and the Iowa PBS documentary, Carrie Chapman Catt: Warrior for Women.
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